Standardized Testing free essay sample

It is safe to say that you are one of the numerous understudies who pack in a long time of examining the night prior to a test that has been worrying all of you week? You get up the following morning anxious and brimming with uneasiness, just to accept a similar test as every other person, under indistinguishable conditions from every other person. Sounds reasonable right? Well I don’t trust it is, and here’s why. State sanctioned tests were made to test the information on an understudy over a specific course or subject. The ACT and SAT, for instance, are made out of four different decision areas normally including math, english, science and perusing. Well here’s the clever thing, everybody is unique. A few understudies flourish at composed tests where a few understudies fall flat. A few understudies are better at introductions where different understudies are definitely not. In light of the distinctions in student’s capacity to learn and hold data brought about by a wide range of instructing strategies and models secured, state sanctioned testing has become a problematic method to gauge a student’s information and ought to be supplanted by different methods, for example, utilizing e-portfolios or execution based evaluation. We will compose a custom exposition test on Government sanctioned Testing or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A portion of the fundamental issues with state sanctioned tests, for example, the ACT or the SAT incorporate attempting to precisely quantify an understudies information over a specific arrangement of subjects and a wonder including instructors called â€Å"teaching the test†. In a 2013 discourse to the American Educational Research Association, Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said â€Å"State appraisals in arithmetic and English regularly neglect to catch the full range of what understudies know and can do,† he said. â€Å"Students, guardians, and teachers know there is considerably more to sound instruction than picking the correct answer on a various decision question† (Evans). I totally concur with Arne Duncan on this issue. On a run of the mill government sanctioned test you have around a twenty five percent possibility of finding the solution right. Possibly, you could have an understudy who doesn't have the foggiest idea about the material by any stretch of the imagination, yet could figure directly on the greater part the appropriate responses and get kudos for it. Being an understudy who has taken the ACT more than once, I can genuinely say I feel like the ACT was a helpless portrayal of my insight over the subjects tried on. Presently with the marvel called â€Å"teaching the test† which is the place instructors revolve their educational plans around state tests, understudies become subject just to material that will be found on the test. This not just purposes educators to need imagination inside the instructing of the course, yet in addition motivations understudies to get restricted to learning test taking aptitudes. Despite the fact that state sanctioned testing can be destructive to student’s imagination, there are a few options in contrast to this issue. One option in contrast to government sanctioned testing, identifying with the SAT and ACT, would be the utilization of electronic portfolios or e-portfolios. Terrel Rhodes, VP for quality, educational plan, and appraisal at the Association of American Colleges and Universities (AACU) says that â€Å"E-portfolios give a way to gathering doled out work, just as understudies achievements in non-homeroom settings, with the goal that personnel, entry level position managers, and others can survey it and total or disaggregate the outcomes, contingent upon the motivations behind the assessment† (1). Fundamentally e-portfolios would be an assortment of student’s singular work consistently, composed into an organizer that the educator would approach consistently. This organizer would enable the educator to see how every single understudy learns and give a diagram on how much every understudy detracted from the course, what not to instruct in the next years and what to cover all the more intensely. This option is more powerful and individual than a normalized numerous decision test since it allows the instructor to by and by see how every individual understudy is advancing consistently. Regarding school confirmations, if your portfolio was imparted to your preferred universities, it would permit school admissions to see your improvement consistently. So rather than simply observing an ACT test score that an understudy could have conceivably speculated on for the greater part the appropriate responses, they would have the option to see a portfolio demonstrating how well prepared and arranged for school the understudy is. It would be an extraordinary method of telling if the understudy would be a solid match for their program or not. Given the current information, I accept e-portfolios would be an incredible option in contrast to state administered testing. Another option in contrast to government sanctioned testing is execution based appraisal. â€Å"Performance evaluations measure aptitudes, for example, the capacity to coordinate information across disciplines, add to crafted by a gathering, and build up a strategy when stood up to with another situation† (Brudali). This contrasts from government sanctioned testing in the way that educators center more around the way toward realizing, where state sanctioned testing centers around the item. Rather than utilizing tests that are numerous decision that require an understudy to pick the one right answer, execution based appraisal in many cases employments bunch ventures, hands-on undertakings, articles and verbal introductions to decide a student’s information and abilities over a specific arrangement of subjects. Another favorable position to execution evaluation is that â€Å"Performance appraisals furnish educators with more data about the adapting needs of their understudies and empower them to change their strategies to meet these needs† (Wren). Educators really attempt to evaluate every single understudies learning process and direct the class as needs be, letting understudies remove more from addresses. Having this sort of appraisal in secondary school would profit understudies immensely in school. Having involvement in verbal introductions and hands on activities will furnish the understudy a head start with aptitudes you requirement for school. These aptitudes would be utilized for interviews, bunch ventures in labs and talks allowed consistently. Execution based appraisal would massively profit and get ready understudies for school and would be an extraordinary option in contrast to state administered testing. Realizing that there are as of now demonstrated answers for state sanctioned testing, let me ask you for what valid reason you are as yet taking them? Studies have plainly demonstrated that state administered testing is a wrong and questionable approach to show the information on understudies. Not just that, examines have likewise demonstrated that various strategies, for example, e-portfolios and the presentation based appraisals are an increasingly precise and successful method of showing an understudies information over different subjects. So why don’t you step up to the plate? Join a club like understudy board, a club where you have a state with what goes on with your school and the choices being made. Start a request against state administered testing and let understudies get included. Not just that, let your locale get included. Educate your loved ones concerning the detriments of government sanctioned testing and its powerlessness to quantify students’ information. There are numerous ways you can engage in your school and network to have a state in the choices being made with issues, for example, government sanctioned testing. You should simply step up to the plate and follow up on it. With all the current information, I genuinely accept state administered testing is an awful method to mirror a student’s information and there are numerous options that can be given instead of it.

Logistics of Alexander the Great compared to modern day logistics Essay

Coordinations of Alexander the Great contrasted with cutting edge coordinations - Essay Example The significance of coordinations is that arriving at right amount of item or administration at the correct time at the correct cost. Its will likely deal with the fulfillment of venture life cycles, gracefully chains and resultant efficiencies. Military coordinations is the study of arranging and completing the development and support of powers. Plan and advancement, obtaining, capacity, development, appropriation, support, departure, and demeanor of materiel are one part of the military coordinations. It additionally incorporates development, departure, and hospitalization of work force. For a compelling coordinations, securing or development, upkeep, activity, demeanor of offices and obtaining or outfitting of administrations should likewise given more fixation. Arranging, usage, controlling, effectiveness, viable stream and capacity of merchandise and enterprises from purpose of creation to extreme goal is a piece of a viable calculated administration. Flexibly chain the executives is a significant thing in the coordinations today. It incorporates strategic streams, client request the board, creation process and the educational streams important to screen all the exercises at the flexibly chain hubs. Coordinations isn't at all an ongoing term. During old periods, there were coordinations officials in military to oversee coordinations when armed force moves starting with one base then onto the next. It implies that coordinations is a significant factor in business, military and business creation segments. The best possible administration of coordinations will help in lessening the cost and improve productivity. ... For a successful coordinations, procurement or development, support, activity, air of offices and obtaining or outfitting of administrations should likewise given more focus. Arranging, execution, controlling, effectiveness, powerful stream and capacity of merchandise and enterprises from purpose of creation to extreme goal is a piece of a successful calculated administration. Gracefully chain the board is a significant thing in the coordinations today. It incorporates strategic streams, client request the executives, creation process and the enlightening streams important to screen all the exercises at the gracefully chain hubs. (Lummus RR Krumwiede DW, Vokurka, R.J. (2001)) Coordinations isn't at all an ongoing term. During antiquated periods, there were coordinations officials in military to oversee coordinations when armed force moves starting with one base then onto the next. It implies that coordinations is a significant factor in business, military and business creation parts. The best possible administration of coordinations will help in diminishing the expense, improve proficiency and certainty level of powers and increment the synchronization of exercises all through the gracefully chain. It fills in as an administration support for cost seat checking. (http://logisticsworld.com/logistics.htm) Alexander the incredible, the domain who had an extraordinary achievement in war, had utilized coordinations as a significant instrument for his military developments. His military was prestigious for its productivity, speed and lethality. His campaign through Asia is considered as the longest military activity at any point saw. During these vanquishing and developments there need better and proficient development rather flexibly for the huge number of military individuals with Alexander. It is said that Alexander's prosperity was in the proficient administration of coordinations. During that period conveying a huge

Chapter 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Section 8 - Essay Example he administration of France showed that all together for any firm to challenge Boeing’s strength and incomparability, government appropriations must be locked in with the goal that any potential rivalry for Boeing could introduce underneath advertise cost to the end shoppers. This was locked in and Airbus started to be vigorously sponsored by the French government. This pattern has proceeded, to changing degrees, until now. In any case, Boeing before long started to feel the effect of these administration appropriations and couldn't keep on contending inside industry that was turning a huge benefit, but at the same time was intensely sponsored. Accordingly, Boeing campaigned and adequately accumulated a high level of promissory advances, innovative work awards, and a reiteration of different appropriations from the United States government. What this has made is an unnatural type of rivalry among Airbus and Boeing through which the administrations of these separate firms are a t last in an intermediary war of sponsored country. Normally, this isn't just unfortunate for the organizations, it is undesirable for the purchaser and the general degree of item that exist inside the market. The case itself reference the way that more then likely, Boeing and Airbus will keep on delivering airplane at a fairly disturbing rate; making an excess of worker airplane inside the market in the following quite a long while. Normally, this proof focuses to the way that administration appropriations with respect to an in any case serious condition in many cases exacerbate things for the end

Benefits And Challenges Of Social Media Research Assignment - 275 Words

Benefits And Challenges Of Social Media Research Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF SOCIAL MEDIACourseProfessorInstitutionDateBenefits And Challenges Of Social MediaModern technology has drastically changed the business world. The business world has adapted to the changes to connect and stay in touch with customers from different places. Social media is on of platform which the business use to advertise and get direct feedback from the customers. The social media was not created for business but majority of the business use the platform for communication and marketing Goodman and Hirsch (2010).Over the last two decades we have seen business world transforming .Supplier and buyers can now transact without direct meeting. The technology has provided a platform where suppliers can exchange money and send good in direct parts of the world. Technology has given the business world a major facelift over the last year. Some of the changes that have occurred in the last 20 years include the internet, Point of sales systems and mobil e applications Chang (2011).20 years ago the internet has evolved since the few business that used the internet was for sending emails creating websites and learning new ideas Some companies like Amazon and Google were vying for control of the online market place Facebook later joined them. This companies have boosted the modern business in the digital market. They have led to the growth of digital traffic generations, search engine optimization, social bookmarking and social networking. All this channels have are been adapted by business to increase their online sales volume. The other avenues that are used to market to the masses of customers include the email list with autoresponders, blogs, websites, and affiliate programs. All of this did not exist 2o years ago. The internet has led to more billions of sales and profits for the suppliers due to the increased number of online business transaction. The traditional ways of advertising by printing advertisement has been replaced wi th websites and social media. The social media is a platform used for interaction of people from different places. The supplier are using the platform to market and direct communicate with the consumers through video call and text though the platforms. The business are using social media to demonstrate their products .The customer give their feedback to the business about the products. The internet is still revolving and the search of producing new ways of doing business and getting the untapped online traffic still continues Lee (2013).Point of sales systemsPoint of sales systems are used during online transactions for consumers and the business. The clients can pay for the goods ordered form the suppliers site and have them delivered without any movement. The point of sales system have given the modern business and advantage in optimizing their sales volume. Twenty years ago the mobile payments did not exist. The systems have given the business a major advantage in terms of saving cost. The customers are now given a variety of payment options which they can use to pay for the good. The point of sales systems has made tracking and ordering of inventory easy for both the customers and the suppliers. The systems have made the business world more efficient and reliable. Mobile payment are been developed although they exist they are not that widespread. This will be the next step in online business.CryptocurrenciesTechnology has come up with new currencies which can be used to safely transact online. These currencies include the bitcoin which has changed the modern art of business online. Bitcoins were introduced by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008 which has changed the online business related transactions. The bitcoins have not been adapted by many online business but they are been used as a method of payment in some private companies. PayPal has also provide an online electronic transaction which has been adapted by many retail business all over the world. In fact PayP al exist in more than 180 countries worldwide hence it has been adapted as an online payment method.Mobile applications.Mobile application have transformed the business world in both social and the business world. The first smart phone was introduced to the market in 1996 by Nokia which was the Nokia 9000 communicator. This led to the growth and development of other smartphones. Today we have more than enough smartphone in the market. Smartphones have become part of our livelihood and this has led to the development of mobile application which are used by the retailers to communicate and market their good. The smartphone have provide us with apps that display the companys products and provide numerous payment methods.Challenges of social media on business marketOnline replication of goodThe social media has its challenges despite making the online transaction easy. The market is full of fake agents and fake website used to divert the attention of the customers. They display the good for the customer and when the customer make pay for the goods they do not deliver the products. There numerous scam website which have made money out of corning the innocent consumers. This lead to customer lack of trust in the online markets.Future uncertainty about the trends and behavior of consumers.Technology cannot predict the future trends of the customers and market trends this is a major challenge to the business since they have to incur cost in researching trying to read and predict the future market. This is due to the rapid change in the business environment as well as technology.TechnologyTechnology is another major factor which is affecting technology. The companies have to incur cost in system upgrades. Most companies which started decades ago will have to hire consultants to take them through the new technology like mobile application and development and cloud computing. The companies that do not invest in technology they are left behind by their rivals by a big mar gin.Increase in unprocessed data in the organization.In the last Five years data mining and analysis has been a major boost for organization to increase performance of the company. However, the increased data has led to the increase of certain problems of managing, storing and securing the data. The information is crucial to their rivals hence have to secure the data. The increasing data has to be handles by professionals who end up increasing the companies cost in labor.Maintaining the companys reputation.Social media which has provided the company with an online voice to communicate and increase their customer base. The company has to maintain their good reputation online to increase and maintain their market. Most dissatisfied clients will air their views inline publicly and loudly foe other customers to see. The company is forced to maintain a good reputation which is hard since you cannot control the customers decision and views about your product. This can be a major problem t o the company if they get negative feedback. This can lead to decreased sales and shares in the market.Benefits and limitation of technology to Apple LimitedApple is one of the leading giants in the mobile market. Their product have revolutionized according to the changes in technology. The company is the best in both software and hardware components of the phones. The company began with iPhone 1 the first generation up to now they have iPhone 7.The company has studied the market and they have continued to provide the best products. The products can demonstrate the revelation. The 1 st generation did not have many feature as the technology was still evolving. Through the years they have made change to their phones including the latest technology and latest social medial application. Most people pr...

Different Sources Of Finance For Fund The £ 30000...

Introduction: Harley Enterprises is a corporation involved in various industries across the Queensland region. One of Harley’s businesses called ‘The Grind Cafe’ is looking to expand due to large amounts of infants and adolescent visiting, as well as high demands on play areas for younger children while parents are drinking their coffee. In order to realistically and effectively fund a $30,000 play ground in attachment to ‘The Grind Cafe’, sufficient financial intermediaries must be analysed, evaluated and decided to help this cafe increase their revenue and cater for a wider variety of customers. This report will analyse two different possible sources of finance to fund the $30,000 construction by outlining the benefits, concerns, and the†¦show more content†¦Source of finance one: The first type of loan that will be evaluated is a term loan. A term loan is a way to borrow money provided from a bank or credit union with flexible interest rates and a specified repayment schedule (investopaedia.com, 2016). It is specifically for newly established businesses, or companies wanting to expand and offer low interest rates with medium term repayment periods. Having a set reimbursement date will give the business a deadline to save the excess money and will ensure the loaning company get their money back within the timeframe stipulated by the contract. Benefits of a term loan are that there is flexibility, minimal risks, and the ability to claim on the interest paid. Banks and credit unions are well established and highly regulated corporations and allow interest rates and payback times to be negotiated where necessary. â€Å"If a strong relationship is made between the lender and the borrower, small negotiations can gain access to better interest rates than what is ad vertised to the general public†. (huffingtonpost.com, 2013). If a good relationship is established, the normal term loan interest rates of approximately just â€Å"5%-7%† (westpac.com.au, 2015), the rate of borrowing may be brought down to 4.5%. In addition to flexibility, minimal risks apply with term loans, especially if borrowing

An Accurate Assessment of the 50s and 60s in America

Many people inaccurately assess the 1950s and 1960s. Historians, in particular, tend to describe the 1950s as a decade of prosperity and the 1960s as one of turbulence. According to most, peace and harmony defined the 50s while violence and protest conjured the 60s. This isnt true because controversy existed in the fifties, many achievements occurred in the sixties, and both decades had its political ups and downs. With all the criticism surrounding it, the 1960s remains one of the most controversial decades in American history. Although prosperity filled the 50s, controversy and dissatisfaction surrounded it also. As the picture Senator McCarthy Extinguishes the Torch of Liberty conveys, McCarthyism hushed the freedom of speech. (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey A127)The man who gave McCarthyism a name, Joseph McCarthy, ruined many lives by accusing tons of Americas of being Communists for about 5 years. The post-cold war paranoia about spies and infiltrates in the American government escalated the allegations to a whole other level, despite the lack of evidence. Many people lost their jobs, went to jail, or became shunned by the public. Senator McCarthy conducted countless numbers of speeches, investigations, and hearings. His actions proved to be so terrifying that very few spoke out against him. Only when taking the claims to the military did the people finally take a stand. Weeks afterward, the Senate condemned McCarthy for â€Å"practicing conduct unfit for a member.†Show MoreRelatedResearch Study on E-Recruitment and Organizational Performance in Telecom Industry1203 Words   |  5 Pagestransforming (Kinder 2000).Some of the researchers say that internet is modernizing the way to hire the job applicants for the human resource department(Hansen 1998). 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Foundation Academic Skills Principles and Values

Question: Discuss about the Foundation Academic Skills Principles and Values. Answer: Introduction: Academic integrity can be defined as the moral code of academia. It is a core set of principles and values which defines the mission of every university in Australia- hard work, integrity and determination of translating professional or personal principles into behaviour. Both students and teachers are responsible to maintain academic integrity. Plagiarism is defined as an act of misrepresenting somebody elses work as ones own work. It is argued that claiming the work of someone else without acknowledgement is wrong (Bretag et al., 2013). This essay provides several aspects of plagiarism such as ethical and moral implications, breach of trust, academic issues, legal issues and societal issues. According to Teeter (2014), ethics lie around the value of the degree. Based on the ethical and moral issues, cheating on college campuses has increased in the previous decade. The technological advancements have made it easier for the students to cheat and plagiarize content for gaining high grades. The rapid adoption of testing technology has increased the scope for cheating. The personal computer has made typing, reformatting and editing much easier. The internet has brought unlimited source of content that can be copied which has substantially increased plagiarism (Gore, 2014). Graham-Matheson and Starr (2013) argue that it is disrespectful to copy content without giving credit which may also be considered a breach of trust. If the teachers provide study materials to the students, claiming the definitions or concepts as theirs, it is disrespectful for the author who has originally produced the material. Not only notes, but the electronic books provided to the clients for building credibility and earning money which has the same content can be categorized under plagiarism. If a business starts a blog to attract clients, he cannot publish the blog without written consent (Woith, Jenkins, Kerber, 2012). As stated by Woith, Jenkins, and Kerber (2012), due to academic issues, referencing is important as it allows acknowledging the contribution of other researchers. As a student, one can draw on million of insights, ideas or arguments produced by other writers. The people have spent years researching and writing their piece of work and it is necessary to acknowledge their contribution using the referencing standards. One can make the marker aware of the field one is operating. Proper referencing ensures that the individual has acknowledged resources and avoided using others ideas or materials without acknowledgement. Acknowledging sources is also important as it helps in distinguishing own work from that of the sources. It also helps in establishing credibility and authority of the ideas and knowledge. It is necessary to be intellectually honest as the citation demonstrates the breadth and depth of the reading. It also enables the readers in determining the extent of knowledge of the t opic (Graham-Matheson Starr, 2013). It is argued that providing a well-informed or sophisticated piece of work without acknowledging sources creates suspicion or concern in the minds of readers. Referencing is also a manner to permit the reader for pursuing the topic further. Sources can also help in gathering ideas and information so that it can be expanded and enriched of particular disciplines or topics. Acknowledging the sources help in satisfying the expectations of the academic community. The community expects rigour and honesty in academic research or writing. The assignments provide the students with an opportunity to expand their knowledge in the chosen subject or discipline. It is essential to show the reader that the research has offered a range of perspective which are relevant to the assignment topic (Emmott, 2013). Ehrich, Howard, and Bokosmaty (2015) further argue that anecdotal evidence, personal experience or opinions are not much valued in academic writing. It is an obvious reason that one is reading the subject widely to gain multiple perspectives or see things differently. Therefore, own writing needs to acknowledge other perspectives beyond current level of understanding. When an individual is writing about a particular topic, one is not only presenting the perspective of others. The reading helps in presenting self-evaluations or conclusions (Griffin, Bolkan, Goodboy, 2015). Therefore, with the acknowledgement of sources, it is helpful in making persuasive arguments that support own perspectives and conclusions. Acknowledging the sources help in demonstrating the material as own. The readers may conclude that the information is unreliable if the sources are not acknowledged or cited in a proper manner (Ehrich, Howard, Bokosmaty, 2015). According to Charbonneau and Priehs (2014), academic writing shows a wide range of sources that can be organized around arguments, central points or sections. Academic cheating can become a legal issue as the colleges and universities have the authority to punish plagiarists in many ways such as expulsion from college. The university may also revoke the degree earned in part of plagiarism (Griffin, Bolkan, Goodboy, 2015). The copyright law may be applicable where the true author can sue to plagiarist for violating the copyright. The copyright infringement states the unauthorized use of copyrighted material violating the copyright owners rights to perform of reproduce the copyrighted work. As good scholars and writers, one must be vigilant about application of rules with the source material. The intellectual property right exist to protect the creators of the work. There must be no borrowing of academic material in research without proper acknowledgement. It may be categorized into stealing information and might require a financial compensation for the unique and original efforts of the researcher. Trademark enables protection against all unlicensed copying and is not limited to colours, logos and designs. Trademarks are easier to defend than protecting copyright. The trademark owners can report the violators for the intellectual violation if the sources are not acknowledged. Plagiarism damages brand reputation as it discredits through stealing someone elses work. The brands take years to form a reputation and it would be hard to retain the followers if the brand reputation is once damaged. Plagiarism is a very serious problem in the academic field which can be conside red as a crime (Halder Mridha, 2016). According to Rezanejad and Rezaei (2013), the issue of plagiarism can be also viewed from the cultural perspective. A cultural background does not create a strong argument for tendency to plagiarize. Culture plays a crucial role as the students need to be taught to have respect for the source material. It is argued that the students are accused of plagiarism claiming unawareness of what is going wrong. They do not possess sufficient knowledge and the importance of referencing the work of other scholars and researchers. The universities have a holistic approach to the issue of academic integrity and honesty with the students (Griffin, Bolkan, Goodboy, 2015). Conclusively, plagiarism is an increasing problem in all the sectors of education. The academic institutions prefer to handle the issues of plagiarism through internal investigations. Plagiarism is a very serious problem in the academic field which can be considered as a crime. If the teachers provide study materials to the students, claiming the definitions or concepts as theirs, it is disrespectful for the author who has originally produced the material. The people have spent years researching and writing their piece of work and it is necessary to acknowledge their contribution using the referencing standards. Acknowledging the sources help in satisfying the expectations of the academic community. The community expects rigour and honesty in academic research or writing. Academic cheating can become a legal issue as the colleges and universities have the authority to punish plagiarists in many ways such as expulsion from college. References Bretag, T., Mahmud, S., Wallace, M., Walker, R., McGowan, U., East, J. et al. (2013). Teach us how to do it properly! An Australian academic integrity student survey.Studies In Higher Education,39(7), 1150-1169. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2013.777406 Charbonneau, D. Priehs, M. (2014). Copyright Awareness, Partnerships, and Training Issues in Academic Libraries.The Journal Of Academic Librarianship,40(3-4), 228-233. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2014.03.009 Ehrich, J., Howard, S., Tognolini, J., Bokosmaty, S. (2015). Measuring attitudes toward plagiarism: issues and psychometric solutions.Journal Of Applied Research In Higher Education,7(2), 243-257. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-02-2014-0013 Emmott, J. (2013). On Academic Integrity and the Right to Copy.Journal Of Victorian Culture,18(4), 528-535. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13555502.2013.865978 Gore, H. (2014). Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and Their Impact on Academic Library Services: Exploring the Issues and Challenges.New Review Of Academic Librarianship,20(1), 4-28. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13614533.2013.851609 Graham-Matheson, L. Starr, S. (2013). Is it cheating or learning the craft of writing? 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